Category Archives: Investing

Dividend Stocks, Investing

How to Apply Financial Ratios When Buying or Selling Stock

Leave a comment

How to Apply Financial Ratios When Buying or Selling Stock

Buying shares of stocks for your financial security is a good start to suffice your future needs. However, doing so without ensuring the reliability of a particular corporation you want to capitalize on will only jeopardize your investment. It is true that there will be numerous risks to be encountered in investing in stocks. Though, we can still manage to minimize these risks to occur. 

Before venturing your money on stocks, it is absolutely necessary for investors to evaluate the financial performance of every possible corporation they have on their list.  To aid you with that, there are significant and beneficial details that must be considered for you to determine if a corporation is worth investing in. Here are the most helpful financial ratios in evaluating stocks: 

Return on Equity

ROE determines the profitability of exploiting the invested capital. It also verifies the efficiency of the company using the owner’s equity. The return on equity is computed as: 

ROE= Net Income less Preferred Stock Dividend Requirement / Issued and Subscribed Ordinary Shares plus Retained Earnings

This formula indicates how much of the net income will each dollar of shareholder’s equity can gain. To explain it further, let’s assume the following:

 

Ordinary shares, $20 par, 10,000 issued                  $ 200,000

6% Preference Shares, $10 par, 5,000 issued                 50,000

Subscribed Ordinary Shares, 3,275                                  131,000

Net Income – yearend                                                            72,000

Retained Earnings, Unrestricted                                        30,000

Preferred Stock Dividend Requirement                              3,000

 

In order to indicate the profitability using these data, return on equity has to be calculated this way:

ROE= $72,000-$3,000 / $200,000+$131,000+$30,000+ $72,000-$3,000

         =16%

 Take note that retained earnings include net income less preferred stock dividend requirement. From the example, we can say that the company is spending the invested capital successfully as 15-20% ROE is deemed excellent.  Longstanding low ROE denotes the failure of an enterprise to maximize profit. Exceedingly high ROE can be good sometimes since it reflects a successful performance. On the other hand, a high ROE may imply a large amount of debts. Additionally, comparing the ROE of a company to the average ROE of the industry is also a helpful way of evaluating its profitability. 

Earnings Per Share (EPS)

Out of all the information concerned with stocks assessment, this is the most vital profitability ratio that all investors should be focusing on as EPS determines the amount of profit which every single ordinary share can obtain. It is computed as:

EPS= Net Income less Preferred Stock Dividend Requirement / Number of Common Shares Outstanding

Using the foregoing example, here is an illustration on how to apply this formula:

EPS= $72,000-$3,000 / 10,000 shares

        =$6.9 per share

Some companies don’t have preferred shares. If a company has only one class of share capital, a different formula has to be used in order to get its EPS:

EPS= Net Income / Number of Shares Outstanding

A high EPS implies that a company is able to return more than the previous investment of its shareholders. Especially if it’s on a steady upward inclination, potential investors will surely be attracted to availing its shares. Usually, the EPS of a company is weighed against the other companies within the same industry. This would indicate if the company is performing well in comparison to its peers. However, some corporations have a low EPS not because its financial performance is terrible. Its profit might be allocated for reinvestments in order to keep the company progress. Therefore, EPS must not be the only basis in measuring profitability since there are a lot of related factors to be considered. 

Dividend Payout Ratio

Aside from determining the profitability of a company, shareholders are interested in knowing how much dividend they obtained from the earnings. Using this ratio, the percentage of earnings that have been distributed as dividend and the percentage of reinvestment will be revealed. If you are going to rely on the amount per share, it will be calculated as: 

Dividend Payout Ratio= Dividend per Share / Earnings per Share

On the other hand, apply this formula if the only given data is the retention ratio which indicates the portion of the earnings to be plowed back to the company:

Dividend Payout Ratio=1-Retention Ratio

The average S&P 500 dividend payout ratio is approximately 35%. An extremely high dividend payout ratio is considered good as the company is willing to pay out high-priced dividends. But some risks are linked with a high percentage because the company might not be thinking about expanding its operations or not even allocating its profit for future needs. A dividend payout ratio with more than 100% means that the company is distributing more dividends than it is earning. This will possibly result in the postponement of paying out dividends in the upcoming years. These factors have to be considered if investors are planning to acquire a long-term investment.

Small-scale companies that are still starting out normally have a low or 0% dividend payout ratio since their earnings are directly appropriated to a specific purpose such as strengthening financial growth and supporting expansion.

Price-Earnings Ratio (PE Ratio)

Potential investors must not only be interested in how much the company earns. They must also be aware of how willing investors are in obtaining shares. P/E ratio measures the association between the market price and the earnings per share. At times, the P/E ratio is called price multiple because it reveals the extent of how much investors are expected to pay for every dollar of earnings. It must be computed as:

Price-Earnings Ratio= Market Price per Share / Earnings per Share

Even though a high P/E ratio shows how attracted investors are in acquiring shares just because price escalation is anticipated to occur in the future, it could also mean that the market price is overvalued. Companies that acquired losses will result in having a negative P/E ratio and will be expressed as N/A. 

Financial ratios are calculations using numerical figures that originated from financial statements. Being equipped with these fundamental tools is an advantage in indicating if a company performs well. If these are interpreted and utilized correctly, you will be able to derive decisions in avoiding investment risks. 

 

Dividend Stocks, Investing, Market News

Dividend Stocks: JNJ Looks Strong After Earnings

Leave a comment

Dividend Stocks: Johnson & Johnson Looks Strong After Earnings

  • Bullish run in JNJ set to continue, despite claims stock is overvalued
  • Overall, margins and earnings performance will support the stock into next year
  • Wait for small retracements to improve risk-to-reward outlook

Johnson & Johnson (NYSE:JNJ) is a company that has one of the most firmly-established presences of any name that can be located in the financial markets.  The company was founded in 1887 by Robert Wood Johnson, James Wood Johnson and Edward Mead Johnson with its headquarters in New Brunswick, NJ.  Today, Johnson & Johnson is, ultimately, a holdings company.  Their main businesses are in health care products and its manufacture and sale of a wide range of products that are sold in almost every American household.

In the healthcare field, the company has been a forerunner in the research and development of everyday products that have become staples in defining modern daily life.  The company, through its subsidiaries, does business around the world in 120 manufacturing facilities and can be traded using the MT4 platform.

Johnson & Johnson’s Redefined Expansion

With this context in mind, it should be understood that there is still room for expansion at the company — and Johnson & Johnson has taken recent steps to define this as an emerging outlook.  Last month, the company announced its plans to buy Abbott Medical Optics for $4.325 billion in cash. In a similar move last quarter, the company acquired Vogue International for $3.3 billion in cash as a means to strengthen its position in hair care and other personal care products.  From a strategy perspective, it can be said that these efforts have come in response to recent disappointments in its quarterly earnings reports.

On July 19, the company announced Q2 results, with earnings-per-share of $1.43 and Q2 sales of $18.5 billion.  Prior to this, the analyst consensus showed expectations of earning-per-share at $1.68 and sales of $17.97 billion. On the positive side, JNJ’s Q2 worldwide sales increased by 7.9% while domestic sales grew by 8.8%. Thomson Reuters polls suggest that FY2016 sales will come in from $71.5 billion to $72.2 billion and adjusted earnings-per-share will come in from $6.63 to $6.73.

Stock Performance

Johnson & Johnson stock is currently trading near $117, toward the upper end of its 52-week trading range of $94-126, with a trailing twelve-month earnings-per-share is $5.37.  At these valuations, this gives JNJ a 21.9 PE — and this is perhaps one of the most overlooked features of the stock at current price levels. The industry average shows a PE multiple of 36.6.  So when we take these factors into consideration along with the significant buy momentum that has already been seen this year, it is much easier to see why the current bull run has not yet run its course.  At this stage, the analyst majority is expecting earnings-per-share of $6.96 for the year ending December 2016 and $7.11 for December 2017, and this supports the outlook for further gains in the market valuation.

Over the last five years, Johnson & Johnson has produced a 13.32% annualized return-on-investment, and a 20.05% annualized return-on-equity during the same period.  On the negative side, it should be noted that the company has a somewhat subdued 5-year annualized sales growth rate of 2.62% and 5-year annualized EPS growth rate of 2.76. This can be attributed largely to the broader weakness we have seen in global markets, and this is something that should continue to be rectified as long as most central banks in emerging markets maintain a dovish policy stance.  Another factor that helps to reduce these negatives is the fact that the company performs much better with its margin levels than the comparable industry average.  Its gross margin is TTM 69.61% vs industry average of 54.53% and its net profit margin is 21.20% where the industry average now rests at 11.10%.

Dividend Stock Investing

So while many analysts have dismissed the stock as being overvalued in the current market context, there are several factors that put those forecasts at risk in favor of additional runs higher.  Given the regular nature of the stock’s price performance over the last year, investors can wait for a drop back toward the 200-day moving average near $115 (highlighted in the chart above).  One factor that could change the outlook and reduce performance within the company is the fact that Johnson & Johnson is still lagging when we talk about the company’s return-on-assets. Its 5-year average annualized return-on-assets is 10.66% (compared to the industry average of 13.25%), so there are clearly managerial issues here that will need to be addressed.  Similar trends have been seen in cryptocurrency markets and this is likely to continue until investors see a Bitcoin ETF.

But, overall, investors will continue to be rewarded for their patience in the stock as the company is one of the best regular dividend payers in the market. JNJ pays its dividend quarterly, and over the last two-quarters the company paid $0.80 a share (a dividend-yielding 2.7% at current prices). This is nearly double the industry average, which is now showing yields of 1.41%, and this is why there are still many in the analyst community expecting the stock to outperform when bought on dips from current levels.